Metaphylactic effect of minerals on the immune response, biochemical variables and antioxidant status of newborn calves.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether injectable zinc and copper affect host immune responses and antioxidant status of newborn calves. For this study, 19 newborn calves were divided into two groups. The control group consisted of 10 animals; and the treated group consisted of nine animals that received copper edetate (Cu-ed) and zinc edetate (Zn-ed) subcutaneously at the first day of life at doses of 0.3 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg respectively. Blood and faecal samples were collected for laboratory analyses (seric biochemistry, proteinogram, antioxidant enzymes and parasitological examination) on days 10, 20 and 30 after birth. On day 10, treated animals showed increased levels of total proteins, as well as increased globulin levels compared to the control group, a finding probably related to the increase in ceruloplasmin and IgG heavy chain. Thirty days after mineral metaphylactic administration, IgG light chain and acid glycoprotein levels significantly increased in treated animals (p < .05). There were no significant differences between groups regarding the biochemical analyses (triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and urea). On the other hand, the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased on day 10 after treatment. In the control group, eight animals showed severe diarrhoea and one died 8 days after birth. Two animals from this group showed mild diarrhoea. Only three treated animals had severe diarrhoea, and six showed signs of mild diarrhoea. All animals that showed severe diarrhoea (control = 8; treated = 3) had hyperthermia (over 39.5°C), and therefore, antibiotic therapy was administered (sulfadiazine and trimethoprim) for five consecutive days. In summary, Zn-ed and Cu-ed decreased the frequency and intensity of diarrhoea, modulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes and also heightened the immune responsiveness of newborn calves, suggesting a new approach to improve cattle performance and minimize the occurrence of diarrhoea.

Analysis of bovine rotavirus strains circulating in diarrheic dairy calves in Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, during 2008-2009 / Análise de cepas de rotavírus bovino circulantes em bezerros leiteiros com diarreia em Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil, durante 2008-2009

O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar rotavírus em fezes de bezerros com diarreia em Uberaba, MG, e caracterizar os genes VP7 e VP4 por meio da genotipagem e da análise filogenética. Setenta e quatro amostras foram coletadas entre novembro de 2008 e setembro de 2009. A detecção do vírus foi feita por teste de aglutinação e as amostras positivas foram submetidas à transcrição reversa, seguida de reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR), tipagem por PCR e sequenciamento. A taxa de detecção de rotavírus foi de 6,8% e todas as amostras apresentaram o genótipo G6P[5]. A análise filogenética mostrou que as amostras do genótipo G6 pertencem à linhagem IV e que, para ambos os genes (VP7 e VP4), as amostras deste estudo compõem um sub-cluster à parte daquele das cepas referências e das amostras campo mais similares. O alinhamento das sequências de aminoácidos deduzidas mostrou substituições em regiões antigênicas quando comparadas com as sequências das cepas bovinas UK e NCDV, presentes nas vacinas disponíveis no Brasil. Uma nova sublinhagem genética de G6P[5] foi evidenciada neste estudo. Substituições de aminoácidos nas regiões antigênicas dos rotavírus e a circulação de novas variantes podem representar desafios para as vacinas utilizadas atualmente. O presente estudo contribui para a compreensão da epidemiologia dos rotavírus bovinos no Brasil.(AU)

Kidney transplantation: evaluation and clinical outcome of 237 recipients at low, medium, high, or strong immunological risk of rejection.

BACKGROUND: Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) play a fundamental role in kidney transplantation. The identification of DSAs is an essential rejection parameter. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated a protocol in 237 patients receiving kidneys from living (LDs) and deceased donors (DDs). Recipients were classified as being at low (LR), medium (MR), high (HR), or strong (SR) risk of rejection based on Luminex panel reactive antibody (PRA)-single antigen beads (SABs). Grafts that survived for 1 year were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 237 transplanted patients, 129 (54.43%) received a kidney from an LD and 108 (45.57%) from a DD. Of 95 LR recipients receiving kidneys from LDs, 2 patients lost the graft due to non-immunological causes. Of 34 MR recipients, 13 had rejection episodes, and 2 lost the graft by AMR and one by cellular rejection (CR). Of 108 recipients receiving a kidney from a DD, 59 (54.63%) were LR, 31 (28.70%) MR, 11 (10.19%) HR, and 7 (6.48%) SR. Twenty of all transplanted recipients lost their grafts; 4 were due to clinical causes, 4 by cellular rejection, and 12 by antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) with PRA-SAB mean fluorescent intensity of 530 to 12,591. One-year graft survival for LD transplanted LR and MR patients was 97.6% and 94.1%, respectively (P = .004). In DD recipients, the LR vs MR SD was P = .011, and for LR vs HR + SR it was P = .001. For MR vs HR+SR no SD was found (P = .323). CONCLUSION: Rejections were detected in 51 patients (21.52%). Graft failure occurred in 16 patients (6.75%). A total of 218 (91.98%) recipients maintained good kidney function after 1 year. This protocol based on fluxogram risk assessment of AMR provided fast and precise immunological evaluation of recipients and donors and stratification by immunological risk of AMR.

Efeitos de detomidina e xilazina intravenosa sobre as variáveis basais e respostas comportamentais em bovinos / Effects of intravenous detomidine and xilazine on basal parameters and behavioral responses in bovine

Avaliaram-se, durante 60 minutos, 10 bovinos após administração intravenosa de 0,1mg.kg-1 de xilazina ou 10μg.kg-1 de detomidina, quanto às frequências cardíaca e respiratória, movimentos ruminais, pressão arterial média, temperatura retal e respostas comportamentais como ataxia ou decúbito, ptose palpebral, estado de alerta ou sedação e redução da altura da cabeça em relação ao solo, além da presença de salivação, micção e concentração sanguínea de glicose. Observou-se que a xilazina, via intravenosa, em bovinos, ao mesmo tempo que promove sedação mais intensa e prolongada que a detomidina, induz a uma maior quantidade de efeitos indesejáveis, como salivação e decúbito, e redução das frequências cardíaca e respiratória, da pressão arterial média, da motilidade ruminal e da temperatura, sendo estas alterações mais prolongadas. Conclui-se que a detomidina pode ser utilizada com segurança em bovinos na dose de 10μg.kg-1, promovendo sedação e permanência do animal em posição quadrupedal.

Ten bovine were evaluated after intravenous injection of 0,1mg.kg-1 of xylazine or 10μg.kg-1 of detomidine during 60 minutes for heart and respiratory rate, ruminal motility, mean arterial pressure, rectal temperature and behavioral responses like ataxia or recumbency, palpebral ptoses, state of sedation or alert and head drop, besides the measurement of salivation, urination and blood glucose concentration. It was observed that intravenous xylazine in bovine promotes more intense and prolonged sedation than detomidine, and at the same time induces a larger and more prolonged quantity of unwanted side effects such as salivation, recumbency, decrease of cardiac and respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, ruminal motility and temperature. We concluded that detomidine can be used safely in bovines at 10μg.kg-1 dose, promoting sedation with standing position.

Intentionality of organ/tissues donation for transplantation within a Brazilian hospital complex.

OBJECTIVE: Considering the challenges faced by members of the Intrahospital Committee of Organ and Tissue Donation for Transplantation (CIHDOTT) of a Brazilian hospital complex in Santa Casa of Belo Horizonte in the execution of multiple donations of organs and tissues, this study aimed to investigate the issues involved in the intention to donate within this population. This research sought to promote the work of CIHDOTT by planning strategies for conducting of family interviews to best meet the needs of this population, thereby contributing to reduce the wait-list for transplantations in this state hospital of Minas Gerais. METHODS: The survey was performed by applying a standard questionnaire to 602 respondents comprising patients and families/caregivers. The analysis of the collected data was developed from studies of contingency tables based on chi- square and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that 94% of the population to be favorable to donation. It also showed a significant influence of the following factors to determining the likelihood of organ donation: knowledge of religion (35%), spouse's opinion (17%), as well as belief in the possibility of interference or delay of the funeral as a result of donation (6%). CONCLUSION: Although the population expressed a willingness to donate, there were significant contravening factors that may be addressed by professional training and informational activities.

Caracterização ultrassonográfica das estruturas flexoras musculotendíneas e ligamentares da porção distal dos membros de novilhas cruzadas / Ultrasonographic characterization of flexor tendinous structure muscle and ligaments of the distal limb of crossbred heifers

Caracterizaram-se, por meio da ultrassonografia, as estruturas flexoras da porção distal dos membros de bovinos utilizando-se peças anatômicas da porção distal dos membros torácicos e pélvicos, provenientes de 20 novilhas mestiças da raça Nelore, com idades entre 24 e 36 meses. Para análise ultrassonográfica, foram estabelecidas cinco zonas de avaliação no plano transversal, denominadas, respectivamente, de zonas A, B, C, D e E, e duas em plano sagital, F-III e F-IV. Na face flexora, foram avaliados os tendões flexores digitais superficial e profundo, o músculo interósseo, o ligamento acessório do tendão flexor digital profundo e a manica flexoria, quanto à forma, limites, posição, ecogenicidade e mensurações das áreas transversais em cm². Sendo os resultados apresentados na forma descritiva e em tabelas, foi possível a caracterização das estruturas flexoras, identificando e determinando planos ultrassonográficos apropriados para a observação de imagens adequadas destes tecidos, além da obtenção de valores e parâmetros que possam ser utilizados como referência para esta espécie.

Anatomical specimens of the distal portion of the thoracic and pelvic limbs from 20 crossbred Nelore, aged between 24 and 36 months were studied. For ultrasound examination five areas of assessment in the transverse plane were established, respectively called zones A, B, C, D and E, and two in the sagittal plane, F-III and F-IV. On the face of the flexor tendons we assessed superficial and deep digital flexor, interosseous muscle, ligament tendon and deep digital flexor of shape, manica flexoria, boundaries, location, echogenicity and crosscutting areas in cm 2 , and the results were presented as descriptive and tables. This work was possible to characterize the structures flexor, identifying and determining appropriate plans for the sonographic observation of appropriate images of these tissues, in addition to obtaining values and parameters that can be used as reference for this species, increasing knowledge described in literature.

Causes of nonuse of corneas donated in 2007 in Minas Gerais.

UNLABELLED: We sought to unfold the causes of nonuse of donated corneas in 2007 in the state of Minas Gerais, seeking to show the flaws in the process that could be repaired in to achieve a better rate of collection and transplantation. METHODS: We analyzed, the medical records of multiple organ donors (with brain death) and tissue donors (with heart stopped) in the data system of Tissue Banks and the Human Eye of Minas Gerais to identify the reasons for discard of donated and collected corneas for transplantation. RESULTS: The survey showed that 14% of donated corneas were not removed, 62% were used for transplantation (optical and tectonics), and 24% were removed but not transplanted. There were several reasons for transplantation failure after the withdrawal, including contraindications (sepsis, positive serology [anti-HIV, anti-hepatitis B and C], beyond 6 hours after death, and unsatisfactory quality of the donated tissue upon biomicroscopic evaluation and/or endothelial counting). CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of the causes of rejecting donated corneas allows the possibility of actions to reduce preventable causes of discard, thereby reducing the number of donated and not transplanted corneas. Causes, such as extended time between death and removal of corneas or between death and preservation of corneas, can be reduced to effectively increase the number of cornea transplantations.

Effects of thalidomide, cyclosporine, and diclofenac on skin allograft survival in rabbits.

The present study evaluated the effects of thalidomide, cyclosporine, and diclofenac on skin allograft survival in 42 rabbits divided into the following groups (n = 6): group 1, autograft control; group 2, allograft control; group 3, allografts under thalidomide (100 mg/kg/d); group 4, allografts under sodium diclofenac (2 mg/kg/d); group 5, allografts under cyclosporine (10 mg/kg/d); group 6, allografts under cyclosporine (5 mg/kg/d); group 7, allografts under cyclosporine (5 mg/kg/d) plus thalidomide (100 mg/kg/d). The drugs were given via the orogastric tube the day before transplantation and daily during the postoperative period. Total circular skin grafts from the ear were exchanged between California and White New Zealand rabbits. Cyclosporine (10 mg/kg/d) increased allograft survival, an effect that was comparable to cyclosporine (5 mg/kg/d) plus thalidomide (100 mg/kg/d). Thalidomide and diclofenac given alone had minimally significant effects on the mean survival of skin allografts. The number of eosinophils around the necrotic skin was higher in the diclofenac group. The group receiving cyclosporine combined with thalidomide displayed the lowest number of eosinophils surrounding the allograft. In conclusion, the combination of thalidomide and cyclosporine in subtherapeutic doses may be useful for the treatment of skin allografts.

[Mood disorders among inpatients in ambulatory and validation of the anxiety and depression scale HAD]. / Transtornos do humor em enfermaria de clínica médica e validação de escala de medida (HAD) de ansiedade e depressão.

The revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale were used to estimate the prevalence of mood disorders among 78 consecutive admissions to a general medical ward in a university general hospital in Brazil (43 males and 35 females; mean age = 43.2yr). Interviewers also completed a 5-point symptom severity scales for anxiety and depression. The definition of cases of anxiety [and depression] was based on two criteria: a. score > or = 2 on the CIS-R section of anxiety [> or = 4 on the CIS-R sections of depression and depressive ideas]; and b. score > or = 2 on the clinical severity scale for anxiety [score > or = 2 on the clinical severity scale for depression]. A 39% prevalence rate of affective disorders was found. Sixteen (20.5%) patients met criteria for anxiety, most of the disorders being of mild severity. Twenty-sic patients (33%) were depressed, 7 of them in a moderate degree. The HAD was easily understood by the patients. Anxiety and depression subscales had internal consistency of 0.68 and 0.77, respectively. At a cut-off point of 8/9 sensibility and specificity were 93.7% and 72.6% for anxiety, and 84.6% and 90.3% for depression. HAD items correlated positively with the respective subscales. To a lesser degree, they also correlated with the alternative subscale. Our findings confirm the high prevalence of mood disorders among medical in-patients. In clinical practice, the HAD may have a useful role in detecting those patients requiring further psychological care.

Psychiatric morbidity among medical in-patients: a standardized assessment (GHQ-12 and CIS-R) using 'lay' interviewers in a Brazilian hospital.

The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) were used to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among 78 consecutive admissions to a general medical ward in a Brazilian university hospital (43 males and 35 females; mean age = 43.2 years). The CIS-R was administered by three 5th-year medical students after a brief training. A prevalence rate of 36% was found for psychiatric disorders. The most frequent symptoms were sleep disorders (48.7%), worry (35.9%), depression (28.2%) and anxiety (26.9%). The sensitivity and specificity of the GHQ-12 were 71% and 76%, respectively. The CIS-R was simple to administer and acceptable both to patients and interviewers. Misunderstanding was most likely to occur with the poorly educated (20% were illiterate) in questions involving time calculation. Alternative options might be used to specify the length of time in future studies. The findings support the feasibility of the CIS-R and the use of 'lay' interviewers to produce epidemiological information on psychiatric disorders in developing countries at lower costs.

Traumatismos cardiacos penetrantes experiencia de 24 casos atendidos no hospital pronto-socorro. / Penetrating cardiac trauma - experience of 24 patients operated at hospital pronto-socorro

Os autores apresentam a experiencia da Clinica Cirurgica do Hospital Joao XXIII de Belo Horizonte no tratamento cirurgico das feridas cardiacas penetrantes, no periodo de janeiro de 1975 a dezembro de 1980, num total de 24 casos. O indice de sucesso obtido foi de 87,5%, com apenas tres obitos na serie. Um historico do tratamento desse tipo de lesao, assim, como uma revisao da bibliografia especifica sao feitos. A serie e analisada estatisticamente no que se refere a diagnostico e tratamento das lesoes, assim como tambem ao local predominante das feridas. O tratamento inicial dos pacientes e seu tratamento cirurgico sao revistos, procurando-se obter uma metodizacao de atendimento.Finalmente, concluem com a analise dos resultados, reafirmando sua preferencia por um tratamento cirurgico imediato dos caso

Um caso de micetoma nocardiosico.Reavaliacao doze anos apos a cura clinica. / Mycetoma due to Nocardia brasiliensis. Reevaluation twelve years after clinical cure

Os autores reavaliam um caso de micetoma actinomicetico nocardiosico, 12 anos apos a cura clinica. Nao obstante a multiplicidade das lesoes existentes, com acometimento osseo extenso, enfatizam que foi obtida uma resposta rapida com o emprego da associacao corticosteroide-sulfamidico.A cura se mantem decorridos 12 anos.A reavaliacao clinica mostrou apenas lesoes cicatriciais. O estudo radiologico mostrou que no femur as alteracoes se mantinham, e ainda mais, que houve recuperacao completa das alteracoes radiologicas inicialmente observadas em fibula e tibia

Infeccao cutanea por Lagochilascaris minor - tratamento e cura rapida pelo levamisol. / Cutaneous infection caused by Lagochilascaris minor - treatment and rapid cure with levamisole

Relata-se o caso de uma paciente branca de 25 anos com tumoracoes no pescoco, uma das quais fistulizada. Havia eliminacao de pequenos vermes pela fistula e pela cavidade bucal. O estudo parasitologico permitiu classificar esses vermes como helmintos da especie Lagochilascaris minor. O presente caso e o 15o.da literatura mundial e o 4o. observado no Brasil. A paciente foi tratada com levamisol, 150 mg por dia, durante tres dias consecutivos. Obteve-se cura rapida e completa da doenca